PostgreSQL Performance Tuning

Improve your PostgreSQL database performance.

Index Optimization

Create indexes on frequently queried columns:

-- Single column index
CREATE INDEX idx_users_email ON users(email);

-- Composite index
CREATE INDEX idx_orders_user_date ON orders(user_id, created_at);

-- Partial index
CREATE INDEX idx_active_users ON users(email) WHERE active = true;

Query Planning

Use EXPLAIN ANALYZE to understand query performance:

EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT * FROM orders WHERE user_id = 123;

Connection Pooling

Use PgBouncer for connection pooling:

[databases]
mydb = host=localhost port=5432 dbname=mydb

[pgbouncer]
pool_mode = transaction
max_client_conn = 1000
default_pool_size = 20

Vacuum Strategies

Regular maintenance for table bloat:

-- Analyze table statistics
ANALYZE users;

-- Full vacuum (locks table)
VACUUM FULL users;

-- Autovacuum settings
ALTER TABLE users SET (autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor = 0.1);

Conclusion

Proper tuning can dramatically improve PostgreSQL performance.